String Theory

    String theory flips the page on the classical description of our universe by replacing all matter and force particles with just 1 element; Tiny vibrating strings that twist and turn in complex ways that, from our view point, look like particles.

To simply understand about String Theory, Imagine you have a beautiful tree that is full of Oranges and you ask yourself what is the Orange formed of. How do you answer that question. Well you wanna look deeply inside the Orange so you’ll magnify it and magnify it again and again and will keep on doing it. Deep inside sooner or later, you’ll begin to see that molecules are not the end of the story. Because you can emerge them (the molecules).  And if you make them big enough deep inside, you’ll begin to see atoms. Atoms are not the end of the story too because, we have electrons. Zooming in around the nucleus, deep inside (mostly empty space in the atom) but deep inside we see the nucleus. So if you grab that and magnify it, you'll see that the nucleus is itself made up of particles (the neutrons and protons). And if you grab one of the neutrons and magnify it, you’ll find yet some particles; the tiny quarks inside. Now that is where the classical idea stops. 

Strings 

    Here string theory comes along and recommends that inside the particles (the quarks), there is something else. So if I take a little quark and I magnify it, classical idea says that there is nothing inside but string theory says I’ll find a little tiny filament. A little filament of energy, a little string, string like filament and just like the string on the violin (I pluck it and it vibrates and it creates a little musical node that I can hear). A little string in string theory, when they vibrate they don’t produce musical nodes but they produce the particles themselves. So quark is nothing but a string vibrating at one pattern and electron is nothing but a string vibrating in a different pattern still. And if I take all these back together, I’ll have my ordinary Orange. And if these ideas are right, then deep inside the Orange there’s nothing but dancing, vibrating strings. That is the basic idea of string theory.